Free resources for Cell Biology in Biology: lessons, PDFs and video courses. Cell Biology study material for GCSE, A-Level, AS-Level, 11+ with Khan Academy, Wikipedia and video solutions.
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of life. Prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) lack a membrane-bound nucleus; their DNA floats freely in the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells (animals, plants, fungi, protists) contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Key organelles and their jobs: mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration; ribosomes synthesize proteins; the endoplasmic reticulum transports materials; the Golgi apparatus packages and ships molecules; lysosomes digest waste. Plant cells additionally have a cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a large central vacuole, while animal cells have centrioles.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, controlling transport by diffusion, osmosis, active transport, and endocytosis/exocytosis. Cell biology is foundational for AP Biology, GCSE/A-Level Biology, and the SAT Biology subject area — nearly every later topic (genetics, respiration, photosynthesis) builds on it.
Pick the correct answer — instant feedback!
1. Which organelle produces ATP?
2. Where does protein synthesis occur?
3. Which structure is unique to plant cells?
Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; eukaryotes have a true nucleus and specialized organelles like mitochondria.
It carries out cellular respiration, converting glucose and oxygen into ATP — the cell's usable energy currency.
The cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole are found in plant cells but not animal cells.
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