Free resources for Cell Biology in Biology: lessons, PDFs and video courses. Cell Biology study material for ATAR, HSC, VCE, NAPLAN with Khan Academy, Wikipedia and video solutions.
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of life. Prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) lack a membrane-bound nucleus; their DNA floats freely in the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells (animals, plants, fungi, protists) contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Key organelles and their jobs: mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration; ribosomes synthesize proteins; the endoplasmic reticulum transports materials; the Golgi apparatus packages and ships molecules; lysosomes digest waste. Plant cells additionally have a cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a large central vacuole, while animal cells have centrioles.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, controlling transport by diffusion, osmosis, active transport, and endocytosis/exocytosis. Cell biology is foundational for AP Biology, GCSE/A-Level Biology, and the SAT Biology subject area — nearly every later topic (genetics, respiration, photosynthesis) builds on it.
Pick the correct answer — instant feedback!
1. Which organelle produces ATP?
2. Where does protein synthesis occur?
3. Which structure is unique to plant cells?
Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; eukaryotes have a true nucleus and specialized organelles like mitochondria.
It carries out cellular respiration, converting glucose and oxygen into ATP — the cell's usable energy currency.
The cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole are found in plant cells but not animal cells.
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